What is an outcome when a caregiver uses physical punishment as a discipline approach?

When a caregiver uses physical punishment as a discipline approach, it increases the risk of maltreatment. Research has shown that physical punishment can lead to a cycle of aggression, creating an environment that may foster fear and resentment. Instead of promoting respect and understanding, it often damages the caregiver-child relationship, leading to deeper issues such as anxiety, depression, and behavioral problems in the child. Furthermore, using physical punishment can normalize violent responses to conflict, consequently increasing the risk of maltreatment in the long term. In contexts like caregiving, where building trust and promoting development are essential, physical punishment is detrimental and counterproductive.