Which of the following can cause kidney disease?

Diabetes is a significant risk factor for developing kidney disease, particularly due to the complications that arise from poorly managed blood sugar levels. When blood glucose levels remain consistently high, it can cause damage to the blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to a condition known as diabetic nephropathy. This process can impair the kidneys' ability to filter waste products efficiently and may eventually result in chronic kidney disease or kidney failure. Managing diabetes effectively through medication, diet, and lifestyle changes is crucial to minimizing the risk of kidney damage.

While malnutrition, arthritis, and dehydration can impact overall health and may contribute to various medical issues, they are not as directly associated with the development of kidney disease as diabetes is.